天使之路

As Mexico expands abortion access, activists support reproductive rights at US border_我的网站

一 |     “我们不但有‘精英’，我们还有‘精华’。    TIJUANA, Mexico -- It’s Sunday night and Crystal P. Lira is not answering her messages. Inside the headquarters of Colectiva Bloodys y Projects, an organization that has supported reproductive rights near the U.S.-Mexico border since 2016, her only concern is for the woman she has provided with a safe space to get an abortion.Lira, who lives in Tijuana, in northern Mexico, is one among dozens of Mexican “acompañantes" — volunteers who support women wanting to terminate a pregnancy. Located all over the country, most acompañantes offer virtual guidance through an abortion protocol in which no clinics or prescriptions are needed.Developed by activists after decades of facing abortion bans and restrictions in most of Mexico’s 32 states, the protocol encourages women to trust self-managed medication abortions following guidelines established by the World Health Organization.“Accompaniment means that we facilitate information, medications and everything a woman needs to get a safe abortion at home,” Lira said. “But we also provide emotional support and support to fight stigma, religious and cultural barriers.”Mexico’s Supreme Court recently ruled that national laws prohibiting abortions are unconstitutional and violate women’s rights. The ruling, which extended Latin American’s trend of widening abortion access, happened a year after the court’s U.S. counterpart went in the opposite direction.The Mexican decision did not have the same immediate impact as Roe v. Wade, the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court ruling guaranteeing women’s access to abortion on a nationwide basis.Although the Mexican ruling orders the removal of abortion from the federal penal code and requires federal health institutions to offer the procedure to anyone who requests it, further state-by-state legal work will be needed to remove all penalties.“The court did not give a direct instruction to any local congress, but it sends a very clear signal of what congresses have to do,” said Sofia Aguiar, a lawyer at the Information Group for Chosen Reproduction, known by its Spanish initials GIRE.For now, 20 Mexican states still criminalize abortion.In Baja California, where Tijuana is located, abortion was decriminalized in 2021. By then, Lira had already gained five years’ experience as an acompañante.“Ahead of starting an abortion network, I questioned myself: How did I get to this point? Why did I live what I lived, and what could have been different?” she said.In 2012, Lira faced an unwanted pregnancy. “I didn’t know what to do, where to look for help,” she said.On the recommendation of a friend, and due to her hometown’s proximity to the U.S. border, Lira made an appointment at a Planned Parenthood clinic in San Diego. She traveled back home with pills and a debt of $600 that she paid for her abortion.Three years later, deeply conflicted by the inequality in abortion access, she became an activist and received training to become an acompañante.“The easiest part was learning the abortion protocol,” she said. “The toughest was acquiring a political perspective, understanding how abortions are based on rights and freedom.”Many reject her views in Mexico, a predominantly Catholic country.Soon after the court’s ruling in early September, former actor and right-wing activist Eduardo Verástegui announced he will seek the presidency on an anti-abortion platform. “Say ‘yes’ to life and ‘no’ to abortion,” he has said, echoed by his followers. Without mentioning him by name, the Catholic archbishop of Mexico City, Carlos Aguiar Retes, recently advocated voting for Verástegui in the 2024 election, and some Catholic, evangelical and anti-abortion groups have publicly supported him as well.“We think it’s good to have a character like him,” said Rodrigo Iván Cortés, director of the National Family Front, an anti-abortion group. “He’s explicit about defending life and family.”Abortion activists were not surprised by the conservative response to the court’s ruling. “Historically, every progressive movement is followed by a setback from groups that organize against it,” said Aguiar from GIRE. “We saw it in the United States.”Aguiar and her colleagues plan to keep advocating for reproductive rights. “We will continue working on issues like obstetric violence, maternal death and forced contraception,” Aguiar said.At Colectiva Bloodys y Projects, Lira has plans of her own.With a colleague who recently moved to San Diego, they hope to replicate some of their abortion strategies in California. “We want to migrate our perspectives,” Lira said. “To lead informative brigades and communicate that we can provide pills for those who can’t access abortion medication there.”It’s no coincidence that Lira’s views are influenced by migration. The surge of migrants approaching the U.S. border, traveling from Colombia through the Darién jungle and moving up through Central America into Mexico, could approach 500,000 this year.Venezuelans, Salvadorans, Haitians and Mexicans — internally displaced by violence — are among those who migrate by trains, buses and on foot. Along the way, thousands are victims of robbery, human trafficking and sexual abuse.“We’ve been seeing women who suffer a lot of violence on their way to the United States,” Lira said.Some migrants who wish to terminate their pregnancies contact them directly and others are channeled through shelters or midwives. “We have realized the need to support these women. … They experience violence, especially sexual, and need abortions,” said Minerva, another member of Colectiva Bloodys y Projects. For security reasons, she spoke on condition she be identified only by her first name.Access to medication and a private space to get a self-managed abortion are particularly difficult for migrants, who can spend several months in shelters on the border.“We want to accompany them,” Lira said. “But abortion access is just the tip of the iceberg. We expect to share key information for their physical and mental health.”Joining forces with a local organization focused on reproductive health, Lira and activist Monica Rosas will offer an informative workshop on fertility and the reproductive cycle by mid-October at a church-affiliated shelter where up to 1,700 migrants are currently waiting to enter the U.S.“We will create a space for self-knowledge as a tribe,” Rosas said.The program includes body literacy — naming parts of the anatomy free of taboos — and dances to celebrate the female body.“We would love for these women who are passing through, waiting for an opportunity to cross, to carry this information with them,” Lira said. “Our bodies are powerful and, if we know them, that can help us reach our own identity.”___Associated Press religion coverage receives support through the AP’s collaboration with The Conversation US, with funding from Lilly Endowment Inc. The AP is solely responsible for this content.。”新任的新加坡总理黄循财，在首次大会演讲时的发言，再次引发了大家对中文学习的关注。这里的“精华”，其实是“精通华文（新加坡对于中文的表述方式）的人才”的简略说法。黄循财表示：“新加坡是以英语为共同语言，但我们在本质上是一个亚洲社会，不是西方社会。”双语双文化不仅是新加坡的标志性特征，更是新加坡在全球舞台上独一无二的竞争优势。特别是咱们中国孩子前往新加坡，不仅可以在日常生活中学好英语，更要保持在华语学习上的优势。

二 | 01 新加坡需要更多“精华” 在谈及华文学习时，黄循财总理坦诚地分享了自己的经历。

三 | 由于家庭语言环境中缺乏华文的浸润，他不得不依靠死记硬背这一传统而艰辛的方法来掌握华文。新加坡的华裔群体约占全国人口的75%，然而，因为英语作为新加坡全国通用语言，在教育体系中占据主导地位，导致在年轻一代中，能够流利使用中文进行表达的人数相对有限。这种中文能力的普遍缺失，不仅加剧了文化传承的困境，还对新加坡作为连接东西方桥梁的未来发展潜力构成了潜在威胁。作为亚洲重要的贸易与金融中心，被誉为“亚洲门户”的新加坡，需要更多擅长华文的年轻人。在此背景下，黄循财总理的演讲不仅是对新加坡长期实施的双语教育政策的一次深刻审视与适时调整，更是对新加坡国家身份与文化根基的强烈呼唤与重申。他明确指出，新加坡虽深受西方文化影响，但其本质绝非西方社会的简单复刻，而是一个融合了独特“亚洲价值观”的多元文化典范。02 中小学华文学习全面升级 黄循财表示，政府将调整教育政策，提升华语在新加坡的地位，符合占人口多数的华人的实际需要。为了提升母语教育，新加坡教育部计划调整政策，将取消现在中学选修高级华文时，PSLE总成绩必须达到一定标准的要求。让华文能力强的学生在升入中学时也能有机会选修高级华文，同时那些有意愿和能力选修高级马来文和高级淡米尔文的学生也将受益。另外，小学的高才教育计划的改革也将更贴近因材施教的原则，给予学校更大的自主权，培养各科能力强的学生，这一原则也应适用于母语科目。03 新加坡小学怎么学华语 新加坡的华文课程是以“理想的教育成果”为宗旨，以“21世纪技能框架”为基础，以2010年母语检讨委员会提出的母语教学三大目的为参照。兼顾国民教育、社交技能与情绪管理的学习、科技教育总蓝图等教育方针，从语言能力、人文素养和通用能力三个方面制定课程总目标。图源：新加坡教育部官网所以新加坡的小学华文，无论是课本主题还是考试内容，都是围绕着学生的日常生活中会遇到的实际情况展开的。01 课程安排 新加坡小学华文课程分为奠基阶段（小一至小四）和定向阶段（小五至小六）。奠基阶段又可分为第一阶段（小一、小二）和第二阶段（小三、小四）。按照学生的能力，奠基阶段开设华文课程和高级华文课程；定向阶段开设华文课程、高级华文课程和基础华文课程。图源：新加坡教育部官网语言能力中等的学生修读华文课程，语言能力较强的学生修读 高级华文课程，语言能力较弱的学生则修读基础华文课程。小学各课程采用单元模式，以照顾学生家庭语言背景的不同和学生能力的差异，使华文教学更具灵活性。

四 | 02 单元结构 小学课程采用的单元模式包括以下五种单元：其中，核心单元是所有学生必学单元。

五 | 而其它单元则根据学生的不同学习能力进行分级教学：能力强的学生学习“核心单元+深广单元”，能力中等的学生则学习“核心单元+校本单元”。图源：新加坡教育部官网03 课时安排 新加坡小学保证孩子每周都能至少接触4个小时，也就是，8节课以上的华文学习，各课程每周授课时间具体安排如下：图源：新加坡教育部官网综上可见，新加坡华文分级教育的目标还是降低华文学习难度，让所有孩子都在力所能及的范围内学习好、运用好母语，而非单纯提升华文水平。

六 | 这也同样解释了，为什么要鼓励更多孩子学习高级华文课程了。

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